![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Due to their expansive border and lack of natural geographic barriers they have on their southern and western borders, these tactics were developed as geographical defenses in substitute of physical barriers. In addition to the Soviet way of thinking, Russia has developed strong methods of cyber espionage and information warfare out of necessity: as a way of protection. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the methodology behind cyber espionage and information warfare in Russia evolved from a method to achieve political objectives to a modern way to plant seeds of doubt and distrust, confusion, distraction, polarization, and demoralization on their targets of attack (Porotsky, 2019). Russian cyber espionage and information warfare is a lasting method of thinking from the Soviet time of rule, as Soviet leaders understood the value of information and the power of influence (Cunningham, 2020). This technological battle, which is usually conducted remotely, without a spy ever leaving their home country (Terry, 2018) has become the future of warfare. Where Russia may fall behind other countries around the world regarding military capabilities and combat resources, Russia’s continued cyber espionage and information warfare campaign has been developed to balance out power with the rest of the world. HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CYBER ESPIONAGE AND INFORMATION WARFARE Cyber Espionage and Information Warfare in Russia ![]()
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